United States Of America Constitution - 845 Words

United States of America Constitution The United States of America is by far the most successful Republic governed country in the world and has managed to survive for over 223 years. The success can be contributed to the foundation that the farmers created, which is the United States Constitution. The framers knew that with time the needs of the people would evolve due to changes in society. That being said, they knew that the regulations in the Constitution would need to be adjusted or expanded for the changing times. The Bill of Rights and the Amendments go hand in hand with one another but in some ways are different. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution. Over the last 200 years, these amendments have made dramatic changes in how the United States of America’s government has been. These first ten amendments were made to protect the people. The Bill of Rights has created an amazing history that every individual needs to learn and understand. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, an amendment is defined as a minor change in a document, or in this case, an article added to the United States Constitution. Amendments can be made to already existing constitutions and are commonly made to bills in the process of their passage through a legislature. The first ten amendments are the Bill of rights and they protect the rights of the United States. While 33 amendments to the U.S. Constitution were adopted by the Congress, only 27Show MoreRelatedThe Constitution And The United States Of America1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Constitution helped the United States of America move forward in progressiveness and equality through several ways. It provided the citizens of America with basic rights and liberties through the Bill of Rights. It helped to make a stronger central government that could protect the governed by raising arms in defense. It helped secure a democratic government and prevent it from turning into a tyranny or dictato rship. In doing this the Constitution has managed to become the single most importantRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Of America Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesorigins. In the American system, the Constitution is held up as the ultimate document on how government functions in America. However, the writers of the Constitution had very different ideas about how government was to function ideally. These ideas formed two distinct camps of ideology: federalism and republicanism. The federalists were primarily concerned with how the collective was to function. In their eyes, every citizen had a responsibility to the state, the institution that expresses the willRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Of America1620 Words   |  7 Pageslegislature. ¨ The constitution, signed on September 17, 1787, created a bicameral national legislature, containing two separate chambers, The Senate and The House of Representatives. While Colonists had rebelled against British rul e during the Revolutionary War, they drew out ideas about a new government centered around and pertaining to their experiences as British subjects. During this time it was obvious to why the delegates needed and formed an entirely different government. The constitution s preambleRead MoreThe United State Of America Constitution1523 Words   |  7 PagesOur founding fathers designed the United State of America Constitution under three uniquely different branches of government. This move was to create democracy and a state of mind of allowing people to have more power over their government. They wanted to create an establishment in where people can live by democracy and the government did not execute extreme power like Europe did back in the early 1700’s. The three branches that existed consisted of the Legislative branch, consisting of CongressRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Of America1941 Words   |  8 PagesThe Constitution In 21st Century America The Constitution of the United States of America (U.S.) since its ratification in 1787 has seen its fair share of challenges such as conflicting interpretation as well as constant evolution such as ratifying new amendments to Bill of Rights as it is a living document. And with this constant conflict and evolution, some who have gained power within the United States Federal and State Governments have at times used their delegated powers against the AmericanRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Of America1877 Words   |  8 Pagespast, reach back to â€Å"The Constitution of the United States Of America†. Take a minute to think of the first three words of the Constitution, â€Å"We the People†. Those words, we the people in the year 1787 were not referring to a disadvantaged class of people referenced within this paper. They being women and people of color. Progress has taken place in the 1900’s to include classes of people beyond the group of â€Å"Whi te Males† inferred in 1787, when the United States Constitution was signed. As for theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Of America1864 Words   |  8 Pagespast, reach back to â€Å"The Constitution of the United States Of America†. Take a minute to think of the first three words of the Constitution, â€Å"We the People†. Those words, we the people in the year 1787 were not referring to a disadvantage class of people referenced within this paper. They being women and people of color. Progress has taken place in the 1900’s to include classes of people beyond the group of â€Å"White males† inferred in 1787, when the United States Constitution was signed. As for the pastRead MoreAmerica Under The Constitution Of The United States Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought along much promise, however, it was going to be difficult for the United States to bring together its diverse population and keep control of its vast amounts of land while simultaneously trying to create a new nation. I. America Under the Constitution A. The Articles of Confederation 1. The first ratified Constitution of the United States was the Articles of Confederation, drafted by Congress in 1777 and ratified by the states four years later. a) The main idea of the Articles was to protectRead MoreThe United States Of America Has Been Governed By Two Constitutions1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States of America has been governed by two Constitutions in its entire history. The Articles of Confederation came into play on March 1, 1781 and was later ratified on June 21, 1788, later known as The Constitution. These important documents allowed our nation to protect itself and ensure the existence of The United States of America. The Articles of Confederation as well as The Constitution allowed for boundaries and rules to be set in place to protect the basic rights of citizens andRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages On July 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies we re declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a

National Identity Is Not Only About Citizenship - 910 Words

National identity could be created according to many points. According to McCrone and Bechhofer (2010), national identity is not only about citizenship but also about parentage, birthplace, race and accents to speak the language. For example, the survey practiced for people in England and Scotland about the national identities, respondents placed great importance on the accent, parentage and birthplace to tolerate others as the same subjects. It also demonstrated different people especially in terms of national identities level, educational levels, age, skin colors reacted diversely to accepting and denying others with transformed backgrounds. In addition, on process of constructing ethnic recognition, there can be strong influence with what other people mention or reject about them in particular points. Again, sometimes people could select how to behave, generating and reflecting minded picture of the national selfhood, which they expect and anticipate. On the other hand the paper b y Wright (2011) is stating that nationality is on solidarity and loyalty to the nation, furthermore ancestry and nativity. It is also indicated that national identity generally is not a simple feeling that people feel like staying in the country permanently, so that it is not easily obtainable and could exclude immigrant, with that, they are supposed to own language capacity and religion reliability depend on the state. The importance points in national identities could change over the timeShow MoreRelatedThe importance of History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship in the Australian Curriculum943 Words   |  4 Pages The importance of History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship in the Australian Curriculum F–10 cannot be underestimated. They encourage, foster and shape key skills and practices in students; by examining their link to Australian identity it is possible to observe their importance. Currently, the three subjects of History, Geography, and Civics and Citizenship are grouped under Human Society and its Environment (HSIE), and to varying degrees seek to link knowledge and understanding, values and attitudesRead MoreAn Analysis of Christian Joppkes The Inevitable Lightening of Citizenship Theory1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿In his essay The Inevitable Lightening of Citizenship, Christian Joppke discusses the phenomenon whereby the subjective value of citizenship is decreasing in the face of globalization, because allegiance to a particular nation-state is far less important than the transnational transfer of wealth and ideology. At the same time, the objective value of citizensh ip in the right (meaning wealthy and relatively free) countries is increasing, because being born in one of these countries means thatRead MoreCitizenship And Democracy Of The Classrooms : A Need For Soledad s Society Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesCitizenship and Democracy in the Classrooms: A Need for Soledad’s Society Purposes aligned to linguistic competences as a base for the development of skills in the foreign language are usually found as the goals in English language syllabuses especially in Colombian public schools. However, this linguistic emphasis has not contributed as expected for the consolidation of an awareness on the helpfulness of the learning of the English language in communities affected by problematic social phenomenonRead MoreEnglish And Speak English At Home Than The Overall U.s. Foreign Born Population1303 Words   |  6 Pages English and speak English at home than the overall U.S. foreign-born population (DHS, 2014). In 2013, about â€Å"69 percent of Mexican immigrants ages 5 and older reported limited English proficiency, compared to 50 percent of the total foreign-born population†(DHS, 2014). Approximately â€Å"4 percent of Mexican immigrants spoke only English at home, versus 16 percent of all immigrants†(DHS, 2014). Assimilation has its merits as it encourages immigrants to learn to speak English, the language that is requiredRead MoreExamine the Claim That Britishness Is Defined by Shared Values1680 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluate the claim that British identity is defined by shared values. â€Å"National identities are only one among the many identities that people can hold†, (Clarke, 2009, p.212). How people perceive themselves and are perceived by others as British poses the question as to what Britishness is and who counts as British? To evaluate the role, shared values play in defining the British Identity it is necessary to examine how it is formed through place, culture, ethnicity, diversity and imagined communityRead MoreMulticulturalism : A Culturally Diverse Groups896 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern societies, which include a culturally diverse groups. Those groups have problems about the unity in the framework of diversity , and harmony in the context of respect for difference . Since the concept of citizenship provides us with a legal and cultural framework and social coexistence positive among the diverse citizens culturally , it raises the need to examine the relationship between citizenship and multiculturalism. United states and Europe are Totall y difirent in their multiculturalismRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesUS Department of Citizenship and Immigrant Services the IRCA is a, Public Law 99-603 (Act of 11/6/86), which was passed in order to control and deter illegal immigration to the United States. Its major provisions stipulate legalization of undocumented aliens who had been continuously unlawfully present since 1982, legalization of certain agricultural workers, sanctions for employers who knowingly hire undocumented workers, and increased enforcement at U.S. borders. (US Citizenship and Imigrant Services)Read MoreEssay on Shade Of Citizenship: Race, Citizenship In Modern Politics1064 Words   |  5 PagesShade of Citizenship: Race, Citizenship in Modern Politics A very vexing topic of discussion indeed when it comes to the census and its racial undertones. The census can be defined as the scientific method of collecting data as records for the government or state use for the proper control of public properties. However, what completely alters the whole process is its highly comparative analytical stance adopted which inserts in elements of difference. The census is a crucial political instrumentRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Citizenship For A Nation State1574 Words   |  7 Pagesin the flow of migration and immigration of individuals seeking for better opportunities. As a result, it is a given that globalization will significantly impact the process of citizenship for a nation state. Thus, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate the way in which the influence of globalization upon citizenship has opened an array of opportunities and advantages for citizens as well as serious implications in regards to the security concerns of a state as it creates an environment forRead MoreWhiteness and Citizenship971 Words   |  4 Pagesdescription. â€Å"White† is an untenable perfection that has haunted the American psyche since colonial times. The idea of â€Å"white spiritual superiority† can only be enforce by a terrorist politico-legal system, based on brutalizing the non-whites and creating a national fantasy. A national fantasy defined by Lauren Berlant as the means â€Å"to designate how national culture becomes local through the images, narratives, monuments, and sites that circulate through personal/collective consciousness.† As Captain Ahab

My Brilliant Career Free Essays

Miles Franklin English 1106-001 3 July 2012 Sybylla Melvyn argues that as a woman she has few options in life, whereas, men have many more possibilities. I chose this topic because; I am a woman who feels strongly that woman should have the same advantages in life as men. Also, there are still many countries today that do not treat woman and men the same which in my opinion is very grave. We will write a custom essay sample on My Brilliant Career or any similar topic only for you Order Now In today’s modern world most would agree that men and woman have equal rights when it comes to career choices. Over the years society has accepted and encouraged woman to become professionals in the work place. Long were the days when woman were considered only worthy for child bearing. Unfortunately, many years ago things were not as easy for woman who dreamt of a fulfilling career. The novel, â€Å"My Brilliant Career† by Miles Franklin explores the journey of a young woman passionate to become something more than a wife. However, because woman had few options in career than men during this time, they are often forced to become wives, or caregivers while their deepest ambitions were left unachieved. 1. Society expects woman to become wives instead being career minded. â€Å"If you feel that you are afflicted with more than ordinary intelligence and especially if you are plain with it, hide your brains, cramp your mind, study to appear unintellectual-it’s your only Olson 2 chance†(Franklin,78) A. Obey husbands order B. Be beautiful not clever C. Look after all household duties D. Not be companions but caretakers to spouse 11. Education was limited for woman. â€Å"You are not old enough to be a general servant or a cook; you have not experience enough to be a housemaid; you don’t take to sewing, and there is no chance of being accepted as a hospital nurse: you must confess there is nothing you can do†(Franklin,71). A. Had to be wealthy to pay for education B. Woman had few choices for career C. Most professional jobs were open to men only 111. Career’s in the Arts as an actress or singer were not considered womanly â€Å"An actress-a vile, low, brazen hussy! Use the gifts God has given her with which to do good in showing off to a crowd of vile bad men† (Franklin,107). A. Actress’s and singers considered hussies not respected B. Defiled by God C. Frowned upon by society How to cite My Brilliant Career, Essay examples

People in Travel Arrangement and Planning Of the Trip

Question: 1. Explain the importance of children, young people and adults involved having complete and accurate information about travel arrangements in good time. 2. Explain the contingency arrangements appropriate to the issues that may arise when children and young people are on journeys, visits and activities outside of the setting 3. Obtain information about the children and young people involved in the journey, visit or activity. 4. Obtain the necessary resources for the journey, visit or activity 5. Describe typical preparations which children and young people and those accompanying them would have to make for the range of journeys, visits and off-site activities undertaken. 6. Explain the aims and importance of learning provision for numeracy development. 7. Summarise the national curriculum framework for mathematics including age-related expectations of learners as relevant to the setting. 8. Summarise the organisation's policy and curriculum framework for mathematics. 9. Explain the teacher's programme and plans for mathematics teaching and learning. 10. Use a range of strategies for supporting learners to develop numeracy skills. 11. Select and use support strategies to meet the individual needs and learning targets of learners. 12. Use a range of strategies for supporting learners to use and apply mathematics to solve problems. 13. Select and use support strategies to meet the individual needs and learning targets of learners. 14. Encourage learners to pursue their own lines of enquiry and find their own solutions to mathematical problems. 15. Explain the aims and importance of learning provision for literacy development. 16. Summarise the relevant policy and age-related expectations of learners relevant to literacy development in the setting. 17. Summarise the relevant policy and age-related expectations of learners relevant to literacy development in the setting. 18. Use a range of strategies for supporting learners to develop reading and writing skills. 20. Select and use support strategies to meet the individual needs and learning targets of learners. 21. Use a range of strategies for supporting learners to develop speaking/talking and listening skills. Answer: 1. Its a worthy impression to include the people in the travel arrangement and in the planning of the trip. The involvement of children and adults with up to date and perfect information about the trip helps them in deciding what can go wrong on their trip and they will calculate the risk easily. Secondly, with various involvements of different age group make the trip more enjoyable and with innovative ideas of spending quality time (Stafford et al., 2003). Well, informed adults can considerably improve the smooth running of a trip as they can better prepare themselves and less nervous themselves over the journey and enjoy the whole trip with a relaxed mind. 2. There should be proper arrangement to minimize the risk and any issue arisen in the journey- Proper first aid kit must be prepared for if there is any misshaping like any injury or an accident. Volunteers and caretakers must be alert with all the records of the presented persons on the trip to avoid any missing person (Powell, 2013). Time is very important for travel arrangement, so planners must be prepared for any late departure or arrival. Other related problems like loss of equipment, transport problem. Problem-related to food and other basic needs must be properly managed by the trip organizers and participants in the trip also are helpful in resolving issues. 3. Gathering information about the children and young people in the trip is most important part of planning any trip. The organizers of the trip have full information about the participants in the trip. They ask the parents- The number of children and young people with full name in records. -The age of the children. - Correct address and contact details of parents. -The child has any nutritive requirements. -If a child takes any medicine during the journey who should manage it? -In emergency regarding the health of a child the contact details of their family doctor (Fernandez-Planells et al., 2014). -Whether the child is comfortable in outdoor activities like swimming, playing and other games. -Any other information they think appropriate. Its the duty of parents to cooperate with the organizers and caretakers by giving proper information to them 4. Resources that are needed in the whole journey must be kept with the organizers of the trip. Resources include- Travel documents- The first and the most important resource for the trip is the proper documents relating to the trip. These documents include time of arrival and departure of people, the number of people, conditions regarding services, records of advance payment and balance and another useful document (Thomas Clarke, 2015). First aid kit- First aid kit is necessary for traveling as no one want to be ill and injured on a trip and if something happens first aid must be given to requiring a person. Equipment- Other equipment related to playing and activities, basic needs must be kept in journey bag. 5. General preparation is necessary for organizing outdoor trip for the children and younger Ones, this includes- -Proper checklist of the people that are going on a trip. - The Proper information regarding place of the trip with time duration. -The Weather is suitable for children and younger. - Proper arrangement for the refreshment in the journey. - If someone is missing and separated from the group, how to deal that situation. - Guiding map must be arranged for the adult in the group (Thomas Clarke, 2015). - Contact numbers of the adults must be exchanged for any emergency. -Adults and caretakers have full knowledge of designated areas or activities they will perform 6. Numeracy is an important fundamental portion of our daily life. In childhood stage numeracy in the curriculum is the base of the people. For the childs numeracy skills developed in shape, pattern and sorting. The teachers emphases on supporting learners, children, to develop their standard of numeracy and facilitate persons to use and apply features of mathematics to solve the problems. The basic aim is to raise the standard of knowledge in listening, writing and emphasizing literacy enhances children learning (Chan Dally, 2001). The importance is to give the children to motivate them and granting knowledge to help them as they grow for tasks and everyday life. 7. In the national curriculum framework, we can include- A national numeric strategy that explains the planned variety and stability of work in primary mathematics to make sure that learners become appropriately numerates. It is proposed generally for day to day, situation by class teachers and has been established broadly and positively in schools of different types and sizes (Arunprasad, 2015). The national curriculum framework describes and clarifies the guidance to be taught at each stage. It contains direction on the everyday mathematics in which teachers will support them and on the evaluation of learners progress. The framework contains different teaching programs to describe how the mathematics can be taught and deliberate for the learners. 8. In organizational framework, we can include policies and practices to Numeracy support- The learners get many opportunities in everyday routine and understanding to practice and apply their numeracy abilities in an actual and expressive way. Curriculum plans-To plan the curriculum in the way that it will be beneficial for the learners as well as for the teachers. All possible facts must be included in a curriculum which makes the mathematics more attractive and interesting subject (Toll Van Luit, 2013). Practice- Organization policy must be practiced with a simple and clear way. For the fulfilment of the objective of the organization, the policy must be flexible and have innovative thinking. 9. Actual assessment has a significant role in demonstrating the teaching methods adopted by teachers and how interestingly children try to learn. It is the duty of the teacher to follow the curriculum, preparing lesson plans, providing necessary material for the children. The teacher will also develop and adapt learning activities that are suitable for the children and they set clear learning aim so that the childs progress can be measured and make them aware of their learning intentions (Arunprasad, 2015). -Teachers planning practice is essential for mathematics as maths is the subject of practice and it is more emphasize on practical and logical approach. - The teachers have to program mathematical plan to take an account of learners previous knowledge and varying needs. - This plan must cover the structure of individual lessons with the objective of teaching. 10. As numeracy skills include knowing and using a number of facts, calculating and understanding different shapes, and counting and knowing the numbers. The strategies for supporting the learners to develop numeracy skills- - helps the students to understand and follow guidelines. -clarifying and highlighting the correct use of mathematical expressions -spread out their knowledge in problem-solving tasks, mathematical puzzles, games. -Have a practice of using recommendation, observation and support to inspire children to be on task (Sherin Drake, 2009). Applying a line of analysis that contains representing knowledge of using numbers, diagrams and communicating results orally or in writing. 11. Learning is going on a process that makes some meaning and is driven by the purpose and varieties of learners. This type of learning includes action and consideration, cooperation, and learning responsibility. This involves not just the acquirement of strategies, but also the observing and appraising of learning to look out which strategy it's effective. Only one strategy cannot apply for goals and purposes (Sherin Drake, 2009). Meeting the individual needs of each child is a policy of learning which not an easy task is for teachers. As a teacher, you will arrange all possible needs relating to education and learning process. Rather using particular an old style of learning teacher has to use innovative ideas for self -directed learners. 12. There is a different kind of strategies that children can use to solve the problems of mathematics- -To solve the problems in mathematics, students must do their work systematically. It helps them to bring logical and proper development of their mathematics and even apply to their explorations (Sherin Drake, 2009). -It is very essential for mathematics students to keep track the work. It helps them to identify themselves and hey easily clarify their problems. -The pattern in mathematics also an easy solution for the problems, as we understand the patterns we will catch the solution. -Using and practice of symmetry helps the students to minimize the difficult stage of the problem. 13. When learners take an active step of learning, they- -think logically and deeply about mathematical facts and models and build their own knowledge about the facts. - believe in their present abilities and skills and use in different contexts, examine their views and try to solve the problems. -need to develop their own practice for solving the problems. -try to discuss the problems in their peer group and make practice in group studies (Sherin Drake, 2009). -the conversation about their self-learning and practice of mathematics and be an active student. -always be enthusiastic and open-minded and never be hesitating in asking questions to teachers related to mathematical problems. 14. Aims and importance of learning provisions for literacy development are as follows- -The basic aim of literacy development is to raise the awareness of learning and try to teach them the importance of experienced learning abilities for the persons. - When there is a situation of teaching mixed age group, teachers aim is to collect all the required material for all the age group learners (Woodgate-Jones, 2009). -To give proper knowledge and learning opportunities for the future growth and development of the learners. -Reading, language, and writing are the literacy skills and are established through actual life and expressed understanding of the learners. Thus, for the literacy growth and development, learning plays an important role and learning is a never ending process and its depend on learners involve in the continuous process of learning. 15. Policy and age-related expectation include 1. The National Literacy Strategy contains the development process of learning in all age groups. 2. The Primary National Strategy renewed framework program for literacy, they believe that working with the help of self-review framework will support the learning system. (Needs, 2008) 3. The main focus of the English Framework Strategy is to develop the flow of English as it is a global language and helpful in developing the literacy rate. All the policies have one common aim of supporting the literacy rate in terms of many programs like teacher learning program, curriculum-based program, and others. 16. Strategies for developing reading and writing skills are as follows- -The previewing policy that contains the title, reviewing, and photo description to help the student in reading and writing. -To make predictions by the knowledge of the matter and expectations about the authors writing style helps the student to build the reading and writing his own style (Chen, 2009). -Prior knowledge strategy helps in getting ideas and clues of different unknown words help in understanding the matter and it becomes easy to read and write. When learners use reading and writing strategies, they build up their self-confidence in their skill to read and write the language. 17. A range of strategies can be used to develop learners speaking and listening skills at the time of reading and writing work. This range can be divided into three strategies- Getting learners knowledge ready- At every level of the learning process, the learner must be ready for speaking and listening. Learners must speak about the learning process and listen carefully the facts of teach (Cowley, 2010). Fine-tuning ideas: The tone of the teachers and the learners, must be correct to communicate and understanding the matter correctly. In this regard, it is better to understand your view in the form of diagrams which helps to establish information heard. Combine review- Learners review themselves regarding the language they speak and listen and establish self-confidence in obtaining these skills. 18. The importance of attentive listening and speaking must be known to the learners for the development and growth. Learners have a various opportunity to practice speaking and listening for learning. Teachers are projected to integrate these skills- -playing a significant role in guiding learners own learning. -engaging in speaking and listening in various grouping systems like in group individuals reads and another listening carefully, commentary on finding as an announcer during the entire period (Needs, 2008). -With the help of role-playing, storytelling practices the creativity of language. Learners have the opportunity to improve and practice their conversation through play, to listen considerately and with increase the strength to answer back confidently. 19. Inspiring learners to ask questions and express their views help to show the learners that they are not ignored by the teachers and they have their own identity. When teachers ignore a learner and not follow their ideas and not giving any value of their opinions, they feel undervalued and could be losing their self-confidence and could be withdrawn himself from additional suggestions (Weinberger, 2000). Some opportunities that help in boosting the self-confidence- -Encourage the learners by giving small responsibilities that can be helpful in their confidence level -Always be friendly with them that will help to express their views. -Be patient and as the teachers may explain the things more than once - Teachers must listen to the learners carefully with taking an interest. - Introduce new activities that inspire self-help and independence. 20. There are different ways that encourage the learners to respond directly to each other which improves their listening and talking skills. Some are discussed below- 1. Class discussion- The class and group discussion is the best way of learners to respond each other. As the classroom is a place of the peer group and every child is familiar with each other it is for the learners to discuss their viewpoints with more comfortable and confident. 2. Talk to each other- It is better for the learners to talk to each other rather than a teacher. If the learners want to know something, whether individually or with a group, its better to first talk with their peer group than to the teacher (Cowley, 2010). 3. Learn to use other students name- Learners will be more involved when they believe that teachers identify them as an individual, so encourage the learners to learn other names. It will increase the possibility that they will address each other by name and starts to pass the comments to each other. 21. The acquisition of language is essential to child physical and social development. For young learners, the language they have used from birth, and their home language is tied to their culture, family traditions and values. Each learners style of learning a new language should be observed as adequate, logical and a part of the continuing development and learning of any language. A better way for the learners to tell everything about the culture is to do some activities that related to their cultural values and from their homeland. For example- Invite the child to bring something in class that belongs to their homeland. Then ask the child to explain his use of that thing in their home and discuss with their friends (Chen, 2009). This activity would be a better chance for the learners to tell everything about their culture and also for learning the culture of each other. It also develops the feeling of self-proud when the child himself explains his own culture. References Arunprasad, P. (2015) "Organisation learners' competence to overcome organisation's learning inertia: a conceptual framework",IJLC, 8(1), p. 42. Chan, L. and Dally, K. (2001) "Learning disabilities and literacy numeracy development",Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities, 6(1), pp. 12-19. Chen, M. (2009) "Influence of grade level on perceptual learning style preferences and language learning strategies of Taiwanese English as a foreign language learners",Learning and Individual Differences, 19(2), pp. 304-308. Cowley, G. (2010) "An investigation into the competence of workplace trainers to meet the special learning needs of underprepared learners",Tydskrif vir letterkunde, 36(1-2). Fernandez-Planells, A., Figueras-Maz, M. and Pampols, C. (2014) "Communication among young people in the #spanishrevolution: Uses of online-offline tools to obtain information about the #acampadabcn",New Media Society, 16(8), pp. 1287-1308. Needs, L. (2008) "Motivating Learners in the Classroom: Ideas and Strategies By Gavin Reid",Support for Learning, 23(2), pp. 97-97. Powell, J. (2013) "Use of the common assessment framework in an acute setting",Nursing Children and Young People, 25(5), pp. 24-28. Sherin, M. and Drake, C. (2009) "Curriculum strategy framework: investigating patterns in teachers use of a reform based elementary mathematics curriculum",Journal of Curriculum Studies, 41(4), pp. 467-500. Stafford, A., Laybourn, A., Hill, M. and Walker, M. (2003) "?Having a say?: children and young people talk about consultation",Children Society, 17(5), pp. 361-373. Thomas, S. and Clarke, D. (2015) "Views of children, young people and families: the 15 steps challenge",Nursing Children and Young People, 27(8), pp. 16-19. Toll, S. and Van Luit, J. (2013) "The development of early numeracy ability in kindergartners with limited working memory skills",Learning and Individual Differences, 25, pp. 45-54. Weinberger, J. (2000) "Students' Experience of a Distance Learning Professional Development Course in Literacy Education",Literacy, 34(2), pp. 90-95. Woodgate-Jones, A. (2009) "The educational aims of primary MFL teaching: an investigation into the perceived importance of linguistic competence and intercultural understanding",Language Learning Journal, 37(2), pp. 255-265.

A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country The WritePass Journal

A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country Introduction A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country IntroductionReference List:Related Introduction Although English is not the mother tongue of everyone, many people around the world can speak English more or less. The process of practicing English likes the cell division takes the widest group of people as a common used language. A global language known as world language means one language which can be under used to communicate in every country. In spite of English can not be the only global language, it takes an active part in economic, science and many other areas in the recent years. With a large amount of native speakers and wide usage in the world, there is not any other languages can take the place of it as a global language in the recent years. However, several years later, Spanish might become another global language for the widely usage on business and the large group of speakers. In the next parts of this article, there would be the reasons which cause English to be a global language, the current for Spanish to be a global language and the comparison of these to languag es. Firstly, English is a common used language in the world and more people want to learn English. The United States is the worlds largest English-speaking country as the number of users of English for 20% of world total. In Europe, English is one of the big languages. According to the research by Sysfret in 1997, there were over 70% of viewers show that they can follow the news in English among the surveys of European satellite TV audiences confirm the widespread understanding of English. What is more, on the report of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs pointed out that in China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, 96% to 100% of people believe that children should learn English. 90% of Japanese elementary school English courses have been opened, the Chinese began to open schools in third grade English class, in addition to up to 50,000 English training centre is completed. People in these countries act English as a tool to become successful. Asia is not only the area which show res pect to English. In South America, government trained the students with English, and in many countries in the Africa, English is one of the languages which can be chosen. Second is the widening application area of English. Besides the common communication, English are widely used in economic area, publishing area and academic area and so on. In the economic area, people from different countries using different mother tongue would put English as the first language to deal with the cooperation in business programs. Crystal (1997) found that one of the working language as English in international organization took 85% which is much larger than other languages. In the European countries, this predominance showed more to 99%, as opposed to 63% French and 40% German. In the publishing area, English is the most widely used language for book publishing as a foreign language. When English is spoken as a second language, the books publishing take 28% of all languages, twice than the following one-Chinese, and much more than other languages. In the academic area, English shows much more powerful. There is an example of disciplines in which German academics claim English as their working language. It displayed that English takes 98%on physics, 83% in chemistry, and 81% in biology. There are some reasons that English can grow as a global language around the world. Firstly, native speakers of English as a mother tongue are most from the USA, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa and so on. These countries are most developed countries and take important part in the world economy. These countries, for example the USA, take control of the lifeblood of the global economy and have trade relationships with most countries. English as one of the official language of the United Nations, the decision is also because of this reason. In David Crystal’s words in the year of 2003, if a country chooses a particular language as a favoured foreign language, there should be great variation including historical tradition, political expediency, and the desire for commercial, cultural or technological contact. More over, the government should support this kind of language and help people to learn it. The United Kingdom used to be the most powerful country in the world. It had got many colonies and people in those countries can speak English. Nowadays the USA instead of the United Kingdom to be the mistress of the world, the power also influences other countries to learn English. Just like the United Kingdom, Spain has got many colonies in the early ages. Central and South America, Chile, Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Mexico, Cuba and Jamaica, the Caribbean and so on, in Asia, they also began to establish a presence in the Philippines, the gradual occupation of islands to the south of the 16th century except Palawan Island, Mindanao and outside of Sulu Islands and other places, the colonists have been conquered. North-west of the Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla are all the colonies of Spain. The language of Spanish gets in these areas and influences the language of local. In the seven continents, there is about 352,000,000 people use Spanish, especially in Latin America. It takes 5.6% of the world’s population who speak Spanish as the first language. Among the top ten languages used on the internet, Spanish took 8.9% as the third place. In the last ten years, the historical dimension of the use of Spanish rose. In the gross national product early 1990s, countries using the language per 1000US$, Spanish took the second place. (George Weber. 2008) Spanish is one of the official languages of African Union, the European Union and the United Nations. In 1948, Spanish became one of working language in the United Nations. Among the research of David Crystal, in 1995, Spanish take the fifth place in â€Å"global influence† of major languages according to the engco model. Moreover, in the hierarchy of the world language in 2050, Spanish stay in the highest group with English, Chinese, Arabic and regional languages. It can be seen that Spanish has many similarities as English. First is that both language are widen by colony in the first period of time. Second is that both languages have large popularity of native speakers and second-language speakers. Third is they both are official languages in the United Nation. Fourth is the shown that the influence of both languages growing in the current days. English nowadays acts as a global language, and Spanish tread on the heels of English and might become another global language in the few years later under the trend for widely use in economic, science and Reference List: Crystal D (2003). English as a Global Language. Cambridge, UN: Cambridge University Press. Graddol D. (1997). The Future of English. The British Council. Sysfret, T. (1997). Trend setters. Cable and Satellite Europe, January, pp.34-7 Weber G (2008). TOP LANGUAGES: The Worlds 10 most influential Languages. Retrieved from: andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.html Whitney. C. B (2008). Soft Power in Asia: Results of a 2008 Multinational Survey of Public Opinion. Retrieved from: thechicagocouncil.org/UserFiles/File/POS_Topline%20Reports/Asia%20Soft%20Power%202008/Chicago%20Council%20Soft%20Power%20Report-%20Final%206-11-08.pdf

Trip to the Pole---Annie Dillard analysis essays

Trip to the Pole-Annie Dillard analysis essays In her essay, An Expedition to the Pole, Annie Dillard approaches the tricky technique of symbolism and metaphysical images to portray her thoughts on religion, while avoiding the dangers of making it too confusing, or too preachy. Descriptions combined with the narration of the absurd are effectively used even without informing the reader that her material departs from their own expectations of what is real. Her writing is filled with specific, memorable, seemingly random thoughts that eventually develop deep metaphoric power. On the whole, Dillard writes, I do not find Christians, outside of the catacombs, sufficiently sensible of conditions. Does anyone have the foggiest idea what sort of power we so blithely invoke? This statement implies that institutionalized religion has somehow lessened the true emotions and freedoms of nature and experience. Perhaps the structure of an organized religion sometimes require us to hide our genuine feelings, and replace them with what we are suppose to be feeling, or following. Dillard writes in a sly witty commanding tone that shines a mystical light around ideas in the most straightforward prose. Even in the most surreal of sequences, we can still feel her confusion, anxiety, and frustration. She writes, The churches are children playing on the floor with their chemistry sets, mixing up a batch of TNT to kill a Sunday morning. Dillard, like her fellow church-goers have come to this church in pursuit of the sublime, but the existence of many banalities and contradictions seem to insult her sense of dignity. She seems to be saying that an individual would be willing to sacrifice education, reason, and dignity for the sake of a glimpse of the sacred and holy. It seems like the church should be projecting a ...

ILM Level2 Understanding training & coaching in the workplace Assignment

ILM Level2 Understanding training & coaching in the workplace - Assignment Example This need is called by the changes in the regulatory sphere of utility provision and collaboration with contractors, whose activities require more knowledge to ensure services to people. Training is called when employees are not able to perform a certain job due to the lack of knowledge, skills or experience. Hence, training is a necessary predisposition for successful accomplishment of work tasks (Elnaga & Imran, 2013). Another reason for training need is the new or changed job procedures, effective implementation of which depends on the level of skills and knowledge of employees. Thus, for Government Utility the need in training is called by the changes in the regulatory sphere of utility provision and collaboration with contractors, whose activities require more knowledge to ensure services to people. Training need is also viewed as the gap between where an individual is now and where organization wants to see it. For the company it is necessary to establish whether there is knowledge, skills or attitudinal gaps (Training and development toolkit, 2015). It is also important that the training environment would be evaluated, where SWOT analysis is a useful tool to apply, as it advocates strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of training development. As workplace training is important for the modern knowledge-based environment, it helps employees to develop those skills and knowledge required in an organization. For that purpose, there are different methods of workplace training, such as mentoring and coaching, on the job training, video conferencing and collaborative tools, business television, e-learning and learning management systems (Workplace training, 2015). As the modern technology has influenced greatly the way employees can obtain knowledge and skills, web-based training provides employees a

Open the Social Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Open the Social Science - Essay Example tain level of â€Å"cultism† develop around the male population, which causes them to be held in an almost deity-like way for the potential they hold as sources of propagation of the species. We might be surprised to see some very unusual circumstances develop around the males; the â€Å"Amazonian woman,† fiction come to life where a largely female society might â€Å"use† men in way that is now associated with fulfilling sexual fantasies, and for which some people even today might pay a high price to experience. Bizarre â€Å"tribal† ceremonies have historically and anthropologically surrounded the human male/female conditions, and in a society that where the population scales are permanently changed in a way that men would be less accessible to women, we might expect to see some very strange â€Å"ceremonial† tendencies manifest themselves even in a civilized culture. What we probably would not see in a society where the male/female proportions we re permanently altered, is a tendency towards same sex relationships. It is unlikely that because of a shortage of men heterosexual women would turn to lesbianism, especially since it would not propagate the species. To the extent that that did occur, it’s unlikely that we would see it in a pattern of â€Å"permanent relationships,† since a lesbian experience probably wouldn’t be any more satisfying to a heterosexual women in a society where there fewer men than it is in a society where there is a balance in the male-to-female numbers. 5.) Having gone to study a culture, with no knowledge of that culture’s language, and challenged by the rule of not asking questions, yet with the goal of determining what behavior within that culture was deemed by the culture to be â€Å"deviant,† would require employing a methodology of carefully documenting behavior through observation. It would be necessary to employ a methodology that pays strict attention to the emotional responses of the members of the society to the behaviors

Analysis of Jet Blue Airline company's Balance sheet Research Paper

Analysis of Jet Blue Airline company's Balance sheet - Research Paper Example In 2010, this trend was converse to what can be seen in 2011; the company’s current assets declined significantly in 2010 ($ 1,360 million) as compared to the level in the year 2009 ($ 1,534 million). Considering this increase in the current assets of the company, it can be argued that the company is making efforts to bring the current assets level back to what has been maintained in the year 2009. On the other hand, the property and equipment section of the total assets also signified a comparatively larger increase in the year 2011 as compared to the previous years, i.e. the property and equipment increased from $ 4,641 million in 2010 to $ 4,860 million in the year 2011. This increase is attributed to the purchase of new flight equipment by the Jet Blue Airline in 2011 and other equipment. This trend can be seen to be followed from the year 2010 in which the company also purchased the flight equipment, but the increase was not as significant as it has been in the year 2011 (Jet Blue Airline). On the other hand, the equity side of the balance sheet for the three years under consideration shows fewer changes in the year 2010 as compared to the financial year 2009 but there is a significant increase in the total liabilities and equity of the company in the year 2011. The overall increase in the equity and liabilities section of the company is $ 44 million in 2010. The long term liabilities of the company declined from $ 2,920 million in 2009 to $ 2,850 million in 2010. On the other hand, almost every item in current liabilities section showed increase in 2010 apart from the current maturities section, which declined considerably, i.e. $ 384 million in 2009 to $ 183 million in 2010. On the other side, the equity section of the balance sheet showed an increase primarily due to increase in the paid up capital in 2010. Keeping in view the liabilities and equity section of the balance sheet for the financial year 2011, the company showed an

Pros and Cons of budgeting in modern environment

Pros and Cons of budgeting in modern environment Budgets are recognized as time-honored tools for planning and setting organizations goals, for communicating among corporate constituencies, and for providing basis for operating results review as well as performance evaluation. While it is difficult for firms to have perfect budgets that make use of all functions equally well, differential emphasis on the respective uses of budgets reflects the environment variation and contracting needs. The modern economic environment is associated with a rapidly changing environment, flexible manufacturing, short product life cycles and highly customized products and services (Abdullah N.B. 2008). The keys to survive is flexibility and rapid response whereby companies are able to move quickly to exploit opportunities as they arise and does not operate according to elaborate business plans (Abdullah N.B. 2008). We were being overtaken by events. Traditional planning and budgeting strategy had to give. Senior vice-president in Fujitsu Computer Products of America, Kevin T. Parker said that, department managers budgeted at the detail level before the company had agreed on strategic objectives. (Banham, R. 2000.) Fujitsu were long on process and short on valuable information to run the business. Department managers would forecast product availability and customer expectations independent of one another, then negotiate with top management for few times until they were final. This circuitous routine took two months, an exceptionally long period of time in the fast-paced computer industry. (Banham, R. 2000.) Most organizations recognize budgets as a key element in their management control systems, but the usefulness of budgets has generated intense discussion and debate. Budgets have been proven by some of the researches that budgets are less useful in todays highly challenging business environment. Traditional budgeting, budget planning is a top-down process which will not support the types of extreme decentralization and employee empowerment initiatives that are required for firms to be competitive today (Libby T., and Lindsay M., 2007). Budgets are no longer useful in the current environment Budgets constraint responsiveness and flexibility and are often a barrier to change. Traditional budgeting is focused on the achievement of the specific plan or budget and this resulted in organizations eyesight to constantly focus on how to achieve and beat the budget. But indeed, the objectives of a company should not be to beat the budget but to beat the competition. (Leone, A.J and Rock, S. 2000) Whereas, in traditional budgeting there is rarely an opportunity to amend, change or update the budget once it has been approved, should there be any changes in the environment or assumptions employed (Abdullah N.B. 2008). Thus, managers only can decision within the budget, but the particular decision that he make, might not be the perfect solution; managers are tended to abandon best solution due to not exceed the budget, and thus inhibits management response to change. This focus can act as a constraint, decreasing the firms flexibility and ability to adapt and deal with new opportunit ies, threats or changes in customers requirements (Abdullah N.B. 2008).Traditional budgets prevent empowerment and the opportunity for employees to contribute to the achievement of strategic objectives. It is blocking employee initiatives and demotivated employees, where employee initiative and motivation are needed in todays highly challenging environment, which can make a marked improvement in performance and productivity, thus it is a barrier to continuous improvement and success, because, less focus is given on how to maximize the organizations potential. According to the Shastri K. and Stout D.E., many segment-level employees1 than corporate-level employees felt that budgets had negative behavioral consequences in terms of employee initiatives, motivating short-term decision making, and pressure to achieve targets. Budgets encourage gaming and dysfunctional behavior. (Abdullah N.B. 2008). Libby T., and Lindsay M., (2007) explicitly addressed the issue of budget gaming. Majority of the respondents surveyed indicated that three gaming phenomena occur at least occasionally: spending money at year-end to avoid losing it the old-age use it or lose it syndrome, deferring necessary expenditures and negotiating easy targets the Segment-level was defined variously as a subsidiary, division, department, or product level. sandbagging syndrome (Libby T., and Lindsay M., 2007).This is especially the case when meeting the budget is directly linked with rewards and incentive payments to individuals and/or team. Indeed, many organizations incorporate budgetary performance subjectively into the overall performance evaluation of managers (Libby T., and Lindsay M., 2007). Moreover, managerial compensation plans, including incentive compensation formulas, incorporate achievement of specified budget objectives for financial performance measures. (Shastri K. and Stout D.E. 2008) The dual roles of budgeting gives rise to agency problems in the budget-setting process and affect the accuracy of budgets. Majority of participants seek to maximize their personal gain during the process of setting budgets. Once, goal congruence is not achievable, there are conflicts of interest between company and employees, and this is where the agency problems are occurred. Tying budget targets to compensation contracts encourages ma nagers to game the budgeting system to increase the probability they will receive positive performance evaluations and, therefore, any related bonus (Libby T., and Lindsay M., 2007). Budget gaming is when managers are use to receive positive performance. For examples, when companies are using budget integrated with incentive program, managers will try they best to show a good performance but gaming the budgets. Managers might defer necessary expenditures (such as, maintenance of machine, advertising cost, research and development) to meet current period budget targets, which will affect effectiveness and efficiency of company. Besides that, managers will take big bath when budget targets could not be attained, which mean the effort of producing the budget is not appreciated. Using budget as the tools of evaluating performance will lead to negative behavioral consequences. Budgets can still be useful in the current environment Budget should use as the basic for performance evaluation but not the only means to evaluate performance. As mentioned above, solely focus on budget as the only way to evaluate performance and compensate managers will result in agency problems. Agency problems will lead to company underperformance. Budget can be useful once, the incentive program is not mostly depending on it. In order to measure performance, budget is not the only option; companies should design an effective performance measurement system by integrated financial2 and non-financial3 indicators as tools of measuring efficiency or performance. Moreover, companies should design an effective system which can link to strategy and goals of the organization to encourage goal congruence, recognize controllability and emphasize on employees empowerment. By designing a system besides budget to measure performance can solve agency problem. Measure performance of managers based on controllability and responsibility, which mean t op management should back out non-controllable variances before comparing actual to budget. For instance, companies such as Allstate, Fujitsu, Nationwide Financial Services, Owens Corning, Sprint and Texaco, are compensating the managers for achieving measurable results (Banham, R. 2000). For example, when evaluate performance of production managers should back out the machine breakdown hours, because it was not under his controllability but is engineers responsibility. Besides that, provide incentive to managers who manage to generate an accurate budget, managers will tend to provide secret information to the budget, thus, it make the budget more accurate. In addition, Hope and Fraser propose a new management model to take the place of budgeting for control purposes. This new model is based on employee empowerment and alternative methods of performance management, which to suit the requirement of todays highly challenging environment (Libby T., and Lindsay M., 2007). Financial indicator such as, return on investment (ROI), residual income (RI) and economic value added (EVA). Non-financial indicator such as, benchmarking, balance-score card, customer satisfaction measures, defect measures, product quality measures, accident measures, machine downtime measures, delivery time measures and etc. Moreover, there is a new model which known as Beyond Budgeting was developed by two consultants, Jeremy Hope and Robin Fraser, in order to find and develop alternative tools to the planning and budgeting process (Abdullah N.B. 2008).This new model is based on employee empowerment and alternative methods of performance management (Libby T., and Lindsay M., 2007). Most of the organizations which are high profile companies, have abandoned the major annual budget preparation, the Beyond Budgeting Round Table (BBRT4) members realized that attempts to make incremental changes to improve the budgeting system by introducing zero-based, activity-based or faster budgeting are not solving the problems caused by the fast-changing business world (Abdullah N.B. 2008), but to change the underlying culture of contract, compliance and control embedded in the traditional budgeting. Beyond Budgeting model, BBRT have developed a generic model that is based on 12 principles to create a flexible a responsive management model with an underlying culture of responsibility, enterprise and learning. Companies that operate in a business environment that is market led, highly competitive and unpredictable, and in which intellectual capital is the key strategic resource; and which have already successfully implemented various management tools like the Balanced Scorecard, Activity-Based Management and Rolling Forecast, should be the ideal candidate for the Beyond Budgeting model. The BBRT is the combination of a new concept (beyond budgeting) and a community (round table). The BBRT community is an independent research collaborative that shares its knowledge across its global network through conferences and workshops. Source: Abdullah N.B. 2008. Chapter 3: Scenario of Corporate Planning and Budgeting in a rapidly changing environment. These 6 principles (Table 1.a) concern creating a flexible organizational structure in which authority is devolved to employees. The following 6 principles (Table 1.b) deal with designing an adaptive management process for a flexible organizational structure. Table 1.b: The 12 Beyond Budgeting Principles and Practices Source: Abdullah N.B. 2008. Chapter 3: Scenario of Corporate Planning and Budgeting in a rapidly changing environment. Conclusion Budgeting, despite being proven to effectively act as one of the building blocks of management control system, was commonly viewed as a restriction of companies flexibility and competitive ability. Yet, despite various criticisms, budgets are in fact alive and well, rather than becoming obsolete, most organizations use a traditional budget because they are easy to put together and simplify coordination of budget assumptions across different departments. This is the simplest method of budgeting. But, indeed, with a traditional budgeting, company might be underperformance. In order to be more competitive in today challenging world, adopting advanced budgeting approaches is needed as it is focus on empowerment employees as well as responsibility.

Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby as Commentary on the Failure of Society E

Fitzgerald's Corrupt View of Society in The Great Gatsby       "What people are ashamed of usually makes a good story," was said of Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is about the American Society at its worst and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The idea is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get his happiness Jay Gatsby must reach into the past and relive an old dream. In order to achieve his dream, he must have wealth and power. Fitzgerald was wrong in the way he presented Gatsby's American Society because of the way Gatsby made money, found love, and lived his life.    The way in which Gatsby made money was a despicable practice. Gatsby's bootlegging business made him millions. The time during Prohibition in the 1920's was a opportune time to take advantage of the lack of alcohol and sell it for those who would pay large sums for it. Organized criminals catered to the needs of the drinking public by illegally supplying them with liquor. The book and Fitzgerald didn't reference straight to t...

Compromise Essay

Prior to the 1820’s, the people of the United States had been struggling to find a way to solve their sectional tensions brought on by slavery in the south. The south had always had an economy based on agriculture that could not strive without their uses of slavery. They did not plan on ending slavery anytime soon, especially since it was really all they had to support themselves. They were against establishing an industrial based economy like the north had began to do in the 1820-1830’s.The real cause of the sectional tensions between the North and the South during the 1820’s-1860’s was not slavery itself, but how it affected each society so differently, and it was very challenging to find a compromise to suit both sides. Taking a step back, the political compromises that were created during 1820-1861 were not effective towards reducing sectional tensions across the nation. Starting in 1819, there was an equal balance of slave and free states in the Unite d States. Until Missouri wanted to be admitted into the Union as a slave state, leaving the slave states at 12 and the free states at 11.If only Missouri was admitted into the United States, it would move slavery farther more into the Northern section of the United States, which is what Northern reformers were afraid of. The debate on adding Missouri as a slave state continued to inspire violent petitions in the North. Until later that year, Henry Clay submitted the Missouri compromise, which stated that Missouri would be added as a slave state along with Maine as a free state, to keep the ratio of free and slave states equal.The Northern boundary of slavery was set at 36?30? and this compromise would keep the argument over slavery settled for a few years. One day in the Supreme Court, a case was brought in called the Dred Scott v. Stanford. Dred Scott and his master had lived in the Wisconsin free territory of the United states, which is why Dred Scott was trying to gain his freedo m. The Supreme Court began with the ruling that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories. And lastly, the Court declared that the rights of slave-owners were constitutionally protected by the Fifth Amendment because slaves were bought by owners, labeling them as property. In the North, antislavery supporters were outraged by the outcome of the Dred Scott case, strengthening the newly submitted Republican Party and helping ignite the violence between slave-owners and abolitionists on the frontier. The Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional under the laws made in the Dred Scott v. Stanford Supreme Court Case in 1857.The case gave Northerners a reason to fear Southern slave power. It left the nation indecisive on the actions it should take to replenish the nation of what it needs to settle the sectional tensions in which were causing our country to fall apart. With the increased sectional tensions left untouched after the Missouri Compromise, California wants in as a free state. Again, Henry Clay suggests an idea to keep from the occurrence of another uprising like the one after the Missouri Compromise. The Compromise of 1850 had something to offer for the North and the South.The Compromise would allow California to become a free state, as a benefit for the North. It would also ban the selling of slaves in Washington D. C. , another benefit to the North. To make the south happy, it strengthened fugitive slave laws and settled the organizational details of the territories gained in the war with Mexico. New Mexico and Utah would be decided by popular sovereignty. The Fugitive Slave law became an issue in the North because they did not want to support any form of slavery no matter what. The nation did not want to settle.Each side thought that the advantages for the opposing side in the Compromise of 1850 were better than their own advantages. They were not willing to compromise. Northerners felt that this Compromise should strictly be about the territories, not about slave laws, and that is what led to the failure of the Compromise of 1850. Neither side was willing to settle for what the compromise had to offer. It sparked more sectional tensions across the nation than ever before. Starting with a new debate, the next step that the United States needed to take was to choose a way newly added states would be decided as slave or free.When Kansas and Nebraska asked to join as states, the decision was to allow the two states to decide for themselves whether they wanted to allow slavery or not, although these territories were above the 36?30? line. By the early 1850s, settlers wanted to move into the free area which is now known as Nebraska. The southern states' representatives in Congress were in no hurry to permit a Nebraska territory because the land lay north of the 36 °30 †² parallel, which is where slavery had been outlawed by the Missouri Compromise of 1820.The Kansas- Nebraska Act was possibly the most important event leading up to the civil war and was proposed by Stephan Douglas. He proposed that Nebraska should be made into a territory and to win support from the south he proposed the issue of another southern state, which would be Kansas. He would be able to build a transcontinental railroad that would be able to go through Chicago. The Kansas- Nebraska Act allowed each territory to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty. Kansas with slavery would go against the Missouri Compromise, which had sewed the Union together for more than 30 years.The Missouri compromise was eventually repealed by the Kansas- Nebraska Act and even though the opposition was of the majority, the bill passed in May of 1854. Territory north of the 36 °30†² line was now open to popular sovereignty, which set off the North. Also, every c ompromise has an effect politically, especially the Kansas- Nebraska Act. This act split the Whig party since every Northern Whig opposed the bill and almost every southern Whig voted for it. With the issue of slaver on everybody mind, the two new separate parties could never agree.The southern Whigs had become the Democratic Party and the Northern Whigs became the Republican Party, with Abraham Lincoln as a big influence. The Kansas- Nebraska Act had a very negative effect on the sectional tensions for it split the Whig party into the northern Republicans and the Southern Democrats. It also made the people of the north and south angrier than ever before. This would be the last compromise that they didn’t completely retaliate against each other during, due to their sectional tensions. Even after all of their attempts of compromise, none of them gave each section enough for them to settle with.It only caused the nation to grow further and further apart and it only increased th eir sectional tensions to a point where something needed to be done before the union fell apart completely and a Civil War would begin. Unfortunately, Lincoln decided that he could not risk this Union crumbling, and was forced to go to war with what are now known as the Confederates. The political compromises did anything but reduce the sectional tensions during the years of 1820-1861 because in the end, they caused our nation to disband, and a Civil War to begin.

Ingls bsico - Present Simple o Present Continuous

Ingls bsico - 'Present Simple' o 'Present Continuous' Present Simple Use el present simple para hablar sobre actividades o rutinas que toman lugar de forma regular. Ejemplos: I often go jogging on Saturdays.He usually has coffee for breakfast. Present Continuous Use el present continuous para hablar sobre lo que est sucediendo en un momento presente del tiempo, en torno a un momento presente o para un programado evento futuro. Ejemplos: Were working on the Smith account this month.Shes watching TV at the moment. Los verbos de estado Los verbos de estado son verbos que expresan un estado. Los verbos de accià ³n son verbos que expresa algo que una persona hace. Ejemplos: I hope to see you soon. (stative verb) He is cooking dinner at the moment. (action verb) Los verbos de estado no pueden ser usados en las formas continuas. A continuacià ³n hay una lista de comunes verbos de estado: believeunderstandthink (opinion)wanthopesmelltastefeelsoundlookseemappear Pruebe su conocimiento con esta breve prueba.  Learn more Espanol here.

Battle of Charleroi in World War I

Battle of Charleroi in World War I The Battle of Charleroi was fought August 21-23, 1914, during the opening days of World War I (1914-1918) and was part of a series of engagements collectively known as the Battle of the Frontiers (August 7-September 13, 1914). With the start of World War I, the armies of Europe began mobilizing and moving towards the front. In Germany, the army commenced implementing a modified version of the Schlieffen Plan. The Schlieffen Plan Conceived by Count Alfred von Schlieffen in 1905, the plan was designed for a two-front war against France and Russia. Following their easy victory over the French in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, Germany saw France as less of a threat than its larger neighbor to the east. As a result, Schlieffen sought to mass the bulk of Germanys military might against France with the goal of winning a quick victory before the Russians could fully mobilize their army. With France eliminated, Germany would be able to focus their attention to the east (Map). Predicting that France would attack across the border into Alsace and Lorraine, which had been ceded following the earlier conflict, the Germans intended to violate the neutrality of Luxembourg and Belgium to attack the French from the north in a large-scale battle of encirclement. German troops were to defend along the border while the right wing of the army swept through Belgium and past Paris in an effort to crush the French army.   French Plans In the years prior to the war, General Joseph Joffre, Chief of the French General Staff, moved to update his nations war plans for a conflict with Germany. Though he initially desired to create a plan that had French forces attack through Belgium, he was later unwilling to violate that nations neutrality. Instead, he and his staff designed Plan XVII which called for French troops to mass along the German border and mount attacks through the Ardennes and into Lorraine. Armies Commanders: French General Charles LanrezacFifth Army Germans General Karl von  Bà ¼low  General Max von HausenSecond Third Armies Early Fighting With the beginning of the war, the Germans aligned the First through Seventh Armies, north to south, to execute the Schlieffen Plan. Entering Belgium on August 3, First and Second Armies drove back the small Belgian Army but were slowed by the need to reduce the fortress city of Liege.   Receiving reports of German activity in Belgium, General Charles Lanrezac, commanding the Fifth Army at the northern end of the French line, alerted Joffre that the enemy was advancing in unexpected strength.   Despite Lanrezacs warnings, Joffre moved forward with Plan XVII and an attack into Alsace.   This and a second effort in Alsace and Lorraine were both pushed back by the German defenders (Map).      To the north, Joffre had planned to launch an offensive with the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Armies but these plans were overtaken by events in Belgium. On August 15, after lobbying from Lanrezac, he directed Fifth Army north into the angle formed by the Sambre and Meuse Rivers. Hoping to gain the initiative, Joffre ordered Third and Fourth Armies to attack through the Ardennes against Arlon and Neufchateau.   Advancing on August 21, they encountered the German Fourth and Fifth Armies and were badly defeated. As the situation along the front developed, Field Marshal Sir John Frenchs British Expeditionary Force (BEF) disembarked and began assembling at Le Cateau.   Communicating with the British commander, Joffre requested that French to cooperate with Lanrezac on the left. Along the Sambre Responding to Joffres order to move north, Lanrezac positioned his Fifth Army south of the Sambre extending from the Belgian fortress city of Namur in the east to just past the mid-size industrial town of Charleroi in the west. His I Corps, led by General Franchet dEsperey, extended the right south behind the Meuse. To his left, the cavalry corps of General Jean-Franà §ois Andrà © Sordet linked Fifth Army to Frenchs BEF.   On August 18, Lanrezac received additional instructions from Joffre directing him to attack north or east depending upon the enemys location. Seeking to locate General Karl von  Bà ¼lows Second Army, Lanrezacs cavalry moved north of the Sambre but were unable to penetrate the German cavalry screen.   Early on August 21, Joffre, increasingly aware of the size of German forces in Belgium, directed Lanrezac to attack when opportune and arranged for the BEF to provide support. On the Defensive Though he received this directive, Lanrezac adopted a defensive position behind the Sambre but failed to establish heavily-defended bridgeheads north the river. Additionally, due to poor intelligence regarding the bridges over the river, several were left completely undefended. Attacked later in the day by the lead elements of Bà ¼lows army, the French were pushed back over the river. Though ultimately held, the Germans were able to establish positions on the south bank. Bà ¼low assessed the situation and requested that General Freiherr von Hausens Third Army, operating to east, join in the attack on Lanrezac with the goal of executing a pincer. Hausen agreed to strike west the next day.   On the morning of August 22, Lanrezacs corps commanders, on their own initiative, launched attacks north in an effort to throw the Germans back over the Sambre. These proved unsuccessful as nine French divisions were unable to dislodge three German divisions. The failure of these attacks cost Lanrezac high ground in the area while a gap between his army and Fourth Army began to open on his right (Map).   Responding, Bà ¼low renewed his drive south with three corps without waiting for Hausen to arrive. As the French resisted these assaults, Lanrezac withdrew dEspereys corps from the Meuse with the intent of using it to strike Bà ¼lows left flank on August 23. Holding through the day, the French again came under attack the next morning. While the corps to the west of Charleroi was able to hold, those to the east in the French center, despite mounting an intense resistance, began to fall back.   As I Corps moved into position to strike  Bà ¼lows flank, the lead elements of Hausens army began crossing the Meuse.   A Desperate Situation Recognizing the dire threat this posted, dEsperey counter-marched his men towards their old positions.   Engaging Hausens troops, I Corps checked their advance but could not push them back across the river. As night fell, Lanrezacs position was increasingly desperate as a Belgian division from Namur had retreated into his lines while Sordets cavalry, which had reached a state of exhaustion, needed to be withdrawn. This opened a 10-mile gap between Lanrezacs left and the British. Further west, Frenchs BEF had fought the  Battle of Mons. A tenacious defensive action, the engagement around Mons had seen the British inflict heavy losses on the Germans before being forced to give ground. By late afternoon, French had ordered his men to begin falling back. This exposed Lanrezacs army to greater pressure on both flanks. Seeing little alternative, he began making plans to withdraw south.   These were quickly approved by Joffre. In the fighting around Charleroi, the Germans sustained around 11,000 casualties while the French incurred approximately 30,000. Aftermath: Following the defeats at Charleroi and Mons, French and British forces began a long, fighting retreat south towards Paris. Holding actions or failed counterattacks were conducted at Le Cateau (August 26-27) and St. Quentin (August 29-30), while Mauberge fell September 7 after a brief siege. Creating a line behind the Marne River, Joffre prepared to make a stand to save Paris. Stabilizing the situation, Joffre began the First Battle of the Marne on September 6 when a gap was found between the German First and Second Armies. Exploiting this, both formations were soon threatened with destruction.   In these circumstances, the German Chief of Staff, Helmuth von Moltke, suffered a nervous breakdown. His subordinates assumed command and ordered a general retreat to the Aisne River.

Bio-ethics paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio-ethics paper - Essay Example Reproducible-Lastly, the test should be able to be reproduced by other researchers. Using this elements to determine the issue of sixteen year old who eats French fries three times a week which makes him or her gain more weight than the one who eats the French fries twice a week, it is clear that the one who consumes the French fries three times a week has higher chances of increasing body weight because she or he will have much fats and proteins in the body than the one who eats them twice a week. This is because it has been shown that a lot of fats and proteins in the body lead to increase in body weight. Gestational surrogacy is the act through which there is an independent adoption or arrangement that involves a woman accepting to carry and deliver a baby for another woman. Gestational surrogacy is not baby selling because the woman who accepts to carry the baby for another woman provides the uterus where the ova and sperm are planted in order to fertilize. Therefore, when she gives birth, it is not her baby since the ovum that was fertilized belonged to another woman. In this case, she only plays the role of a carrier. Gestational surrogate motherhood is not bad since it gives a chance to couples who had difficulty in having babies get babies. Arguing from intuitionism perspective, it is important to ask to what extent people should be concerned about commodification or exploitation when they are requested to be paid so as to carry babies for other women especially in areas where there are large power and wealth differentials between intended surrogates and parents. In addition, it is important to look at the societal rights if they grant women authority to enter into contracts about the use of their bodies. A Person has the right to make decisions about how to use his or her body thus contracting for surrogacy is not bad if the person

MILITARY PAY SYSTEMS Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MILITARY PAY SYSTEMS - Research Proposal Example DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORT l. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES Time schedule Resources needed Personnel Assurances /Clearances Questionnaire/ survey/interview A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MILITARY PAY SYSTEMS a. INTRODUCTION The military is a major arm of the government; it is an organization that is endowed with the sole and sensitive function of providing internal and external security of the country. A vital area of research under the military pay system would be general rather than specific. The research is therefore concerned with addressing the military pay in a diverse perspective: the structural make up of the system; how the structure operates; accountability; and responsibility of the system. Also, all the issues that impact the overall system will be addressed by the research undertaking; under issues, gender and military will be addressed, military and crime, recruitment in the military and their salary schemes including other relevant issues. It is these kinds of motivations and u rge to find out that have propelled the urge to find out about the military pay system. This study will lead to the development of strategies to help deal with the challenges depicted (Neuman 2009). This is to ensure that the future benefits realized from the system are maximized for the future generations. Research on Military pay is also because there is tremendous transformation in the socio-economic sector. The socio-economic changes have severely affected the stakeholders in the military by causing severe stress due to the culture and the social make up of the society. This has lead to the creation and sustained social crimes like rape, murder, and economic vices in the military. Therefore, this research project is towards seeking, exploring and investigating/finding out the following: To examine the extent to which the military pay systems and structures have influenced the economy of the country. To identify and evaluate the areas which require change and restructuring for ef ficiency. To assess the impacts of the changes affected ones they are in position. The evaluation here seeks towards finding a sustainable solution for the military pay tribulations. b. PROBLEM STATEMENT Military officers are an important asset to any country hence must be accorded all the assistance they need in order to perform their work efficiently. The research is hence seeks to find out why there is never enough compensation to the military for the work they do and the risk they expose themselves to. The relevant expected risks shall be identified and advocacy plus awareness be shouted to the government that they will never be in the position to provide enough compensation for the risks that the military are engaged (Neuman 2009). Those seeking to join the forces will also have enough knowledge and facts to make a basis before deciding to join the forces or not. c. RESEARCH RATIONALE The problem is that the compensation is never enough and the reason therefore has a fundamenta l task of finding why this is so; the major reasons behind this fact. This research is also towards finding out about the nature and magnitude of the risks and tries proposing a compensation that if given to the service men would be closer to substituting the risks that they face in the course of discharging their duties (Financial Friendly fire 2006). The research requires a dissection into the roles of the study and can only be determined using qualitative approach of data collection and analysis; this will be done through collection of information from a varied group of persons in the military identified through random selection, topics to be discussed with them is as well got randomly. The methods of investigation entail

Leisure the basis of culture by Josef Pieper Essay

Leisure the basis of culture by Josef Pieper - Essay Example According to the new scale of values, to have leisure means to have break from work or to go in a state of idleness. Although breaking from work is considered as leisure in the modern world, yet it actually is not. Values of the modern age compel people to live for working. Materialism and consumption are two of the main values of the modern society unlike the past, when spirituality was the main value. In the new scale of human values, a person is considered good, better, or best depending upon the extent to which he/she has contributed to the society. This can even mean consumption because the more an individual consumes, the more businesses flourish and the more the society benefits from consumption. For the modern mind, work means to be able to serve the society as a whole. This conception of work tends to deny the consideration of any such activities as work that do not benefit the whole society. For the modern mind, work is not necessarily that which requires physical input or labor. Mental exertion and use of intelligence is also considered work because mind is used to make plans that benefit the whole society. The modern mind has lost the fundamentals of the notion of leisure. The worker who thinks that the only way to serve the society is doing work tends to think of leisure as inactivity and idleness. The concept of obtaining something in a passive receptivity is in contrast with the concept of good that is imposed upon man by the modern mind. According to the modern mind, nothing good can be achieved unless some effort has been made for it. Work for the modern mind means a way to get compensated so that the money earned can be spent that is what modern mind thinks of as leisure. Leisure for the classical mind is engaging in activities that cause spiritual rejuvenation. These activities include pondering over the reason of fundamental existence of man on Earth, the purpose of life, and thinking about where man came from and where he has to go after de ath. Leisure for the classical mind means engaging in festivals to praise the Creator. This means using mind to develop one’s connection with God. This might even take physical labor, but the spiritual rejuvenation does help man better prepare even for such worldly activities as doing work. According to the classical mind, the heart of leisure exists in the world’s affirmation. This affirmation exists in festival and is essentially the praise of God because the entire meaning of the festival exists in the aspect of worship that it encapsulates. In the classical perspective, leisure means worship. When the definition of leisure of the classical mind is interpreted in light of the modern conception of work, leisure then also work because to find out the answers of these questions of spirituality, one needs to think and use the brain. This is the fundamental reason why thinking has become passive in the modern world because leisure in the modern world is translated is pur e idleness and break from work, meaning no thinking is involved in the modern interpretation of the term â€Å"leisure†. The emphasis placed by the classical mind on the practice of religion and developing a strong connection with God is one of the main reasons why practicing religion and opposing such notions that are condemned by religion as homosexuality are considered as passive and regressive in the modern age. The major issue in the transformation of values from the classical mind to the modern mind is that man has become increasingly materialistic, and has become so involved in the worldly activities that his relationship and connection with nature in general and God in particular is distorted. This is one

Water Pollution Essay Example for Free

Water Pollution Essay More people die from dirty water and poor sanitation in Africa, than acts of violence , including war(â€Å"Why is Clean Water so important?†). Children are especially targeted for disease, because their immune system is smaller, and they are younger (â€Å"Why Water?† ). Africa has many poor countries, and many people are dying from diseases in water. Every day, people have to walk over five miles to get a bucket of water for the family they are in. Most of the time, the only water people can find is dirty. Dirty water causes children to develop diseases every year. In fact, over eighty percent of disease is caused by unclean water (Drop in the Bucket). Many organizations are desperately working to give third-world countries the water that people need. The organizations want to build a well for every village in Africa, so there is no more disease breaking out, and people want to reduce the death toll of 2,000 a day, to a much lower amount(â€Å"Water Aid†). In Africa alone, people spend 40 billion hours every year just walking for water. Women and children usually bear the burden of water collection, walking miles to the nearest source, which is unprotected and likely to make them sick (â€Å"Why Water?†). There are many ways one can help Africa reduce their pollution, especially in water. One way that takes the least amount of effort, but makes a big difference, is to donate to an organization. There are so many of them that are serving Africa, and the more donations, the better. People want to end poverty right? Another method of impact is to never waste water. If one cannot finish water, give it to a plant, or save it for later. But never throw it away. The last method of impact is try to reduce the pollution in communities around you. If the world has too much pollution, America’s water will end up like Africa’s, and our population will reduce and reduce, and at some point, the world might even end. To sum it up, the pollution in Africa is on the rise, and people need help to get clean water. First world countries like America have no idea how much people waste clean water, and how lucky those people are to have it. So in the future, don’t waste water, one will never know who doesn’t have it. Works Cited Drop in the Bucket. Drop in the Bucket. N.p., Jan. 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. What Makes Clean Water So Important? Blue Planet Network. Blue Planet Network, 12 Jan. 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. Worlds Top 10 Most Polluted Places. Worlds Top 10 Most Polluted Places: Scientific American. Scientific American, Jan. 2013. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.

Can Religion Make You Happy? Essay -- Happiness Essays

â€Å"If Religion Makes People Happy, Why Are So Many Dropping Out?† -- Louis Tay and David G. Meyers. Throughout history, religion has helped form the basic fabric of society. From an early age, religion provided the answers to any unexplainable natural phenomena. The question of why the world worked in a particular way was easily answered with â€Å"because [name of deity] made it that way.† Religion was everywhere; everyone had their own ideas about how the world worked and what their role was in the universe. Each likeminded group held that their religious beliefs were the root cause of their happiness and general satisfaction with life. Centuries of religious dominance eventually gave birth to a widespread idea that strong religious beliefs are essential to living a happy and fulfilling life. Even today, in a society dominated by scientific advances, religion finds a niche in catering to people’s spiritual needs. Indeed, despite the societal changes that have occurred in modern times, religion has remained largely unchanged since its early days. The belief t hat religion factors heavily into one’s life satisfaction and happiness has also remained much the same, despite today’s complex and ever-changing society. The problem lies where religion is viewed as a major way to achieve happiness, and this perspective can lead to blind acceptance of religion solely on the basis of its supposed universal benefits. Basically, a new way of looking at religion is needed: seeing it not as the end-all happiness tool, but as a small factor in a complex web of happiness and well-being. Traditionally, organized religion in the Western world encouraged a melancholy outlook on life. Today, however, religion represents an image of happi... ...tz, Hans-Georg; Lewis, Christopher Alan. â€Å"The Relationship Between Religion and Happiness Among German Students.† Pastoral Psychology. 51.4 (2003): 273-281. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 19 June 2015. Madigan, Timothy J. â€Å"Godless Happiness.† Free Inquiry Summer 1998: 32+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 June 2015. Moeller, Philip. â€Å"Religion Makes People Happier--But Why?† Chicago Tribune. N.p., 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 15 June 2015. Myers, David G. â€Å"Who’s Happy? Who’s Not?† Christianity Today. 23 Nov. 1992: 23+. Gale Power Search. Web. 19 June 2015. Schumaker, John F. â€Å"Can Religion Make You Happy?† Free Inquiry Summer 1998: 28+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 June 2015. Stearns, Peter N. â€Å"The History of Happiness. (Cover Story).† Harvard Business Review 90.1/2 (2012): 104-109. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 June 2015.

Sir Isaac Newton Essay examples -- Biography Accomplishments of Isaac

Why do things fall when we drop them? How come we do not float as we would on the moon? Where do the colors of a rainbow come from? How long would it take to drive across Colorado if you are constantly changing speeds? All of these questions can now be answered, largely impart because of the great English philosopher, Sir Isaac Newton. In a time where religion was at war with science, Isaac Newton opened up people's minds to theories and reason. Isaac Newton was to be the starburst of the Enlightenment. He became the foundation of enlightened thought. It was the 17th century, the time of the Scientific Revolution. Many brilliant men contributed to this time, but it was Newton who solidified their thoughts and theories (Margaret, 10). Isaac Newton is one of the most influential people in the world. He not only invented so many new concepts and ideas, but he brought an understanding of the universe that we live in to people across the world. Isaac Newton not only c hanged the world with the invention of calculus, but also with his theory of light and color, and his invention of physical science and the law of universal gravitation (Margaret, 11). To begin with, Isaac Newton laid down the foundations for differential and integral calculus. It all began when Newton was enrolled at Cambridge College, the University that helped him along in his studies. Here, he began reading what ever he could find, especially if it had something to do with mathematics. He read books on geometry by Descartes, algebra books by John Wallis, and eventually developed the binomial theorem which was a shortcut in multiplying binomials (Margaret, 46). Newton was 22 at this time and he was already going beyond other people's thinking.... ...e began by mastering mathematics. He developed calculus in order for him to find the rate of change of objects. He learned about light and colors, which lead to his invention of the refracting telescope. He was the man that finally built a model of astronomy and physics and in doing so, brought together the work of Kepler and Galileo and of course his own findings on gravity (Margaret, 90). Newton was the first scientist ever to be honored with a knighthood for his work (Christianson, 138). Newton saw far, farther than anyone else at this time. He changed the world, and opened people's eyes. Work Cited Anderson, Margaret. Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientist of All Time. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: Enslow Publishers; Revised edition, 2008. Christianson, Gale. Isaac Newton: And the Scientific Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.